Ap biology 2021 frq answers - AP Bio 2021 FRQ Answer Doc hey, I made a google doc to put your answers on and compare what we said to hopefully get an idea of our scores for the 2021 paper exam FRQ :) ... AP Biology FRQs Released upvotes ... Members Online. AP …

 
2021 AP Exam Administration Sample Student Responses - AP Biology: Free-Response Question 1. AP® Biology. Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary. …. Dwen curry

Sample: 5A. Score: 4. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for describing that space becomes limiting, and that causes the population to stabilize. The response earned 1 point in part (b) because it explains that plot B is more resilient because it has greater “biodiversity” than plot A.AP Biology 2000 Scoring Guidelines. These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service (ETS), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their programs, services ...AP® Biology 201 Scoring Guidelines0 The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations.2022 AP Score Distributions. See how students performed on each AP Exam for the exams administered in 2022. PDF. 4.42 KB. 2023 AP score distribution tables show the …AP® Macroeconomics Scoring Guidelines Set 1 Author: College Board Subject: Advanced Placement; AP; Keywords: 2021 ; AP Exam Administration ; Scoring Guidelines; scoring information; free-response scoring criteria; scoring resources; FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; ADA Created Date: 12/22/2022 2:51:49 PMAP® Psychology 2021 Scoring Guidelines . Question 2: Research Methodology 7 points . General Considerations . 1. Answers must be cogent enough for the student’s meaning to come through. Spelling and grammatical mistakes do not reduce a student’s score, but spelling must be close enough so that the reader is convinced of the word. 2. AP Calculus 2021 AB FRQ Solutions. AP Calculus 2021 AB FRQ Solutions. Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 11, 2021. 1. Solution: We begin by writing r. 0= 0, r. 1= 1, r. 2= 2, r. 3= 2:5, and r. 4. Be succinct in your AP® Biology free responses. This isn’t an AP® English Language free response essay. One of the most common mistakes AP® Biology students make when answering free response questions is thinking if they just write a lot, they can score more points. This is not true.⚠️ (Unfortunately, we don't have an Answers Guide for this question, but it can give you an idea of how an FRQ for Unit 6 might look on the exam.) ⏱ The AP Biology exam has 6 free-response questions, and you will be given 90 minutes to complete the FRQ section. (This means you should give yourself ~15 minutes to go through each …Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ...Download free-response questions from this year's exam and past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...2021-2022 Exam Review - AP Biology Penguins. AP Biology Review Guide. This AP Biology Review Guide is a BEAST, but it walks through the entire Course & Exam Description …The response. 2022 College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. AP® Biology 2022 Scoring Commentary. Question 1 (continued) earned 1 point in part (c) for describing that cholera toxin increases the production of cAMP in the presence of GTP.2022 AP Score Distributions. See how students performed on each AP Exam for the exams administered in 2022. PDF. 4.42 KB. 2023 AP score distribution tables show the …Directions: Questions 1–3 are long free-response questions that require about 23 minutes each to answer and are worth 10 points each. Questions 4–7 are short free-response questions that require about 9 minutes each to answer and are worth 4 points each. For each question, show your work for each part in the space provided after that part.Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 22 minutes each to answer and are worth 10 points each. Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3–5 are worth 4 points each and questions 6–8 are worth 3 points each. Read each question carefully and completely.5 Steps to a 5: AP Biology 2022. Price: About $14 on Amazon. Rating: 5/10. This book does a good job of outlining a study plan for the test, so it might help you in structuring your prep time. Its coverage of AP Biology concepts is thorough, but it's not the easiest to study.If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. Download free-response questions from past AP Seminar exams, along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring ...Since these exams accompany advanced Physics, they tend to weed out many potential test takers. Since 2017, the passing rate for the AP® Biology exam has remained relatively steady. In 2021, the passing rate was 59.2%, and in 2022, it rose slightly to 67.9%. In 2023, the passing rate for the AP® Biology settled back to 64.4%. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, a substrate for the Krebs (citric acid) cycle. The rate of pyruvate conversion is greatly reduced in individuals with PDC deficiency, a rare disorder. (a) Identify the cellular location where PDC is most active. By far the most effective method for acquiring the answers to the Apex Biology Semester 2 exam is to enroll in a biology course that uses Apex materials and study for the test. Fin...2021: Free-Response Questions. Questions. Scoring. Samples and Commentary. Free-Response Questions - Set 1. Free-Response Questions - Set 2. Scoring Guidelines - Set 1. Scoring Guidelines - Set 2. Chief Reader Report. Scoring Statistics – Set 1. Scoring Statistics – Set 2. Scoring Distributions. Sample Responses Q1– Set 1. Sample ... Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ... Questions 3 – 8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 – 5 are worth 4 points each and questions 6 – 8 are worth 3 points each. Read each question carefully and completely. You are advised to spend the 10-minute reading period planning your answers. You may begin writing your responses ... Sample: 6B. Score: 3. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for identifying mRNA III. The response earned 1 point in part (b) for describing the phases and changes of mRNA I concentration throughout the experiment, concluding with decreasing at “about 10 hours.”. Figure 1. Pedigree of a family showing individuals with the glucose metabolism disorder. A question mark indicates that the phenotype is unknown. TABLE 1. AVERAGE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF INDIVIDUALS IN GENERATION IV. Individual − − 12. Average Blood Glucose Level (mg/dL 170 190 ± 145 ± 15 ± 2SEX ) IV. 10. Notes on 2020 Exam Sample Question 2. 2020 Question 2 is modified from Free Response Question 4 in the Course and Exam Description, Conceptual Analysis. 2020 Question 2 is a 6-point question that presents students with an authentic scenario describing a biological phenomenon with a disruption. This question assesses students’ ability to do ...AP Calculus 2021 AB FRQ Solutions. AP Calculus 2021 AB FRQ Solutions. Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 11, 2021. 1. Solution: We begin by writing r. 0= 0, r. 1= 1, r. 2= 2, r. 3= 2:5, and r.AP BIO Unit 3 Released FRQs 2 0 1 7 # 7 . 2 0 1 7 # 7 A n sw e r K e y . 2 0 1 5 # 2 . 2 0 1 5 # 2 A n sw e r K e y ... Provide support for your answer using the data. (2 points maximum. LO 2 21, 2.24, 2 27) NOTE: students may only earn points within one row Describe method (1 point)Directions: Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 through 6 are short free-response questions that require about 10 minutes each to answer. Read each question carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form.Question. NAD+has an important role as an electron carrier in glycolysis. (a) Identify the process of aerobic cellular respiration during which a cell replenishes its supply of NAD+. (b) Identify the process of anaerobic respiration during which a cell replenishes its supply of NAD+. (c) If a cell’s supply of NAD+ran out, predict the effect that would have on …The energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate under standard conditions is 7.3 kcal/mol. Calculate the amount of energy available from the hydrolysis of 30 moles of ATP. Calculate the efficiency of total ATP production from 1 mole of glucose in the organism.The Yuga Labs digital land sale this weekend, a mass mint of new NFTs that temporarily clogged the Ethereum blockchain, is not just making money for the company behind the new set ...In part (a) students were asked to describe the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in cellular respiration (Skill 1.A; Learning Objective [LO] SYI-1.F from the AP Biology Course and Exam Description [CED]). In part (b) students were expected to construct “an appropriately labeled graph that represents” the data in the provided table ...AP® Biology 2022 Scoring Guidelines (d) Crossing over (Figure 1A) creates physical connections that are required for proper separation of homologous chromosomes during … Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ... Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ...APE: Get the latest AMC Entertainment stock price and detailed information including APE news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksThe scientists claim that the concentration of citric acid in cells regulates the rate of glycolysis by the cells. Support the scientists' claim using biological principles and the …There are 3 free-response questions.: Question 1: Design an investigation presents students with an authentic environmental scenario accompanied by either a model/visual representation or quantitative data. Question 2: Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution presents students with an authentic environmental …May 22, 2019 ... Follow along: https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/apc/ap19-frq-biology.pdf Leave any questions in the comments section.Score Distributions. Introduction and Preface. Short Answer Question 1. Short Answer Question 2. Short Answer Question 3. Document-Based Question 1. Long Essay Question 2. Long Essay Question 3. Download free-response questions from past AP United States History exams, along with scoring guidelines, sample responses, and scoring distributions.Dr. Denisa Wagner is the Edwin Cohn Professor of Pediatrics in the Program for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Division of Hematology/Oncology at Boston Children's Hospital...These are longer questions, so grab some paper and a pencil, or open up a blank page on your computer. After you finish, you can see how you did with Unit 5 FRQ (Punnett Squares) Answers ⏱ The AP Biology exam has 6 free-response questions, and you will be given 90 minutes to complete the FRQ section. (This means you should give yourself ~15 ... Sample: 6C. Score: 1. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for identifying mRNA III. The response did not earn a point in part (b) because “mRNA concentration increased until 10 hours” does not describe the details of concentration changes at each phase of the experiment. Below are two different practice exams. The Review Guide Practice Exam has all of the questions from 2012 CED & 2020 CED. The 2013 AP Bio Practice Exam is the nationally released AP Practice Exam. (Note: They both are based on the old CED so there are questions that are no longer applicable). Review Guide Practice Exam.This video covers the FRQs from the May 2021 AP Biology Exam. Make sure to join our Discord Channel to meet the instructors, ask to follow up questions, and ...AP Biology Practice Test 2: Common Ancestry pdf download. AP Biology Practice Test 3: Life Continues to Evolve pdf download. AP Biology Practice Test 4: Origin of Living Systems pdf download. AP Biology Practice Test 5: Matter & Energy pdf download. AP Biology Practice Test 6: Internal Environments pdf download.Write your responses to this question only on the designated pages in the separate Free Response. booklet. Write your solution to each part in the space provided for that part. A particle, P, is moving along the x-axis. The velocity of particle P at time t is given by v t P () = sin t1.5. for 0 £ t £ p .BIOLOGY Section II 8 Questions . Total Time—90 minutes . Reading Period—10 minutes . Writing Period—80 minutes . Directions: Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 22 minutes each to answer and are worth 10 points each. Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to ... AP Biology Sample Free Response Questions . Now we'll go through two AP Biology free response example questions: one long question and one short question. These questions both were used for the 2021 AP Biology exam. You can see answers and scoring for each of the 2021 AP Biology FRQs here. Long Question. First let's look at one of the long ... Mrs. Jones' Responses to the 2022 AP Biology FRQs. Note: I have no insider information. I just sat down and said if I was taking this exam what answers would I have written down. I do not have a scoring guideline (nor has one been created yet). I am human and might have something incorrect. There are probably acceptable answers not included on ... Below are two different practice exams. The Review Guide Practice Exam has all of the questions from 2012 CED & 2020 CED. The 2013 AP Bio Practice Exam is the nationally released AP Practice Exam. (Note: They both are based on the old CED so there are questions that are no longer applicable). Review Guide Practice Exam. The energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate under standard conditions is 7.3 kcal/mol. Calculate the amount of energy available from the hydrolysis of 30 moles of ATP. Calculate the efficiency of total ATP production from 1 mole of glucose in the organism.Dr. Denisa Wagner is the Edwin Cohn Professor of Pediatrics in the Program for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Division of Hematology/Oncology at Boston Children's Hospital...Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ...Kailin Hu. Feb 16, 2021. AP Biology Past FRQs by Topic. Updated: Jan 31. **Updated on 1/31/24 to include the 2022-23 FRQ exams!** If you are looking for past AP Biology free …Format of AP Biology FRQ section. The FRQ section is the second section of the AP Biology exam and consists of 6 free response questions (FRQs) and is worth 50% of your final exam score. The six FRQs in Section II of the AP Biology exam will always follow a particular format. The first two questions are long and are worth 8-10 points each.Sample: 6C. Score: 1. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for identifying mRNA III. The response did not earn a point in part (b) because “mRNA concentration increased until 10 hours” does not describe the details of concentration changes at each phase of the experiment. 2021: Free-Response Questions. Questions. Scoring. Samples and Commentary. Free-Response Questions - Set 1. Free-Response Questions - Set 2. Scoring Guidelines - Set 1. Scoring Guidelines - Set 2. Chief Reader Report. Scoring Statistics – Set 1. Scoring Statistics – Set 2. Scoring Distributions. Sample Responses Q1– Set 1. Sample ... There are 3 free-response questions.: Question 1: Design an investigation presents students with an authentic environmental scenario accompanied by either a model/visual representation or quantitative data. Question 2: Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution presents students with an authentic environmental …Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 22 minutes each to answer and are worth 10 points each. Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3–5 are worth 4 points each and questions 6–8 are worth 3 points each. Read each question carefully and completely.Dr. Denisa Wagner is the Edwin Cohn Professor of Pediatrics in the Program for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Division of Hematology/Oncology at Boston Children's Hospital...Jul 21, 2021 ... I reacted to my AP scores! There was a slight variation in what I guessed I got versus what I actually got, but overall I was happy with my ... Sample: 5A. Score: 4. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for describing that space becomes limiting, and that causes the population to stabilize. The response earned 1 point in part (b) because it explains that plot B is more resilient because it has greater “biodiversity” than plot A. Questions 3 – 8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 – 5 are worth 4 points each and questions 6 – 8 are worth 3 points each. Read each question carefully and completely. You are advised to spend the 10-minute reading period planning your answers. You may begin writing your responses ...Download free-response questions from this year's exam and past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...After overseeing franchises like 'World of Warcraft' and 'Candy Crush,' Activision COO Daniel Alegre will try to lead Yuga Labs into gaming. Activision Blizzard COO Daniel Alegre i...When a pure-breeding tall plant is crossed with a pure-breeding short plant, all offspring in the F1 generation are tall. When the F1 plants are crossed with each other, 75 percent of the plants in the F2 generation are tall and 25 percent of the plants are short. Figure 1. The universal genetic code.AP Bio Free Response Question Answers for Intercellular Transport. 👋 Welcome to the AP Bio Unit 2 FRQ (Intercellular Transport) Answers. Have your responses handy as you go through the rubrics to see how you did! ⏱ Remember, the AP Biology exam has 6 free-response questions, and you will be given 90 minutes to complete the FRQ section ...AP Bio 2021 FRQ Answer Doc. hey, I made a google doc to put your answers on and compare what we said to hopefully get an idea of our scores for the 2021 paper exam …1 point for predicting the location of the flies in the choice chamber. 1 point for justifying the prediction. Propose ONE specific improvement to each of the following parts of the experimental design and explain how the modification will affect the experiment. (4 points maximum) Experimental control.A bachelor's degree in biology provides students with the knowledge and skills needed to work in a variety of fields, including chemistry, Updated May 23, 2023 thebestschools.org i... The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, a substrate for the Krebs (citric acid) cycle. The rate of pyruvate conversion is greatly reduced in individuals with PDC deficiency, a rare disorder. (a) Identify the cellular location where PDC is most active. AP Bio Free Response Question Answers for Intercellular Transport. 👋 Welcome to the AP Bio Unit 2 FRQ (Intercellular Transport) Answers. Have your responses handy as you go through the rubrics to see how you did! ⏱ Remember, the AP Biology exam has 6 free-response questions, and you will be given 90 minutes to complete the FRQ section ...Sample: 6C. Score: 1. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for identifying mRNA III. The response did not earn a point in part (b) because “mRNA concentration increased until 10 hours” does not describe the details of concentration changes at each phase of the experiment.Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder that involves frequent blood clots (thromboses). When you have this condition, your body's immune system makes abnormal pr...AP®Biology Scoring Statistics 2021 Free-Response Questions. Question Mean. Standard Deviation Number of Possible Points. 1 3.68. 2.28. 10. 2 3.17.After overseeing franchises like 'World of Warcraft' and 'Candy Crush,' Activision COO Daniel Alegre will try to lead Yuga Labs into gaming. Activision Blizzard COO Daniel Alegre i... Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 through 6 are short free-response questions that require about 10 minutes each to answer. Read each question carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form. Starting with the 2024 exam, the layout for the free-response questions (FRQs) will be different from prior exams. For a summary of the changes, and to help you visualize this change to the layout, we’ve applied the 2024 layout to the 2021–2023 AP Biology FRQs. You can find the original scoring guidelines on the past exam questions page.

The AP Biology exam used to consist of eight long-form free response questions, but in 2019 it was redesigned to consist of only six free response questions. Two of those questions are in the “long” form, and these consist of 50% of the free response score, or 25% of your total score. Long story short, those two questions make …. Chapala cambridge

ap biology 2021 frq answers

For the correct answer: 1 point. Electron flow should be indicated only in a counter-clockwise direction in the external circuit, from the Cl2 anode to the Mg cathode. (b) For the correct answer and calculated value: No, because 2.0 V is less than 3.73 V, which is the minimum voltage needed for electrolysis to occur. AP® Biology 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 3: Scientific Investigation. 4 points. Fireflies emit light when the enzyme luciferase catalyzes a reaction in which its substrate, D-luciferin, reacts to form oxyluciferin and other products (Figure 1). In order to determine the optimal temperature for this enzyme, scientists added ATP to a ... CO 2 levels (approximately 400 μatm). Over the course of two years, the scientists measured the survival rate of sand lance embryos allowed to develop and mature in a laboratory at three differentQuestions 3 – 8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 – 5 are worth 4 points each and questions 6 – 8 are worth 3 points each. Read each question carefully and completely. You are advised to spend the 10-minute reading period planning your answers. You may begin writing your responses ... Download free-response questions from this year's exam and past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. AP Exams are regularly updated to align with best practices in college-level learning. Not all free-response questions on this page reflect the current exam, but the question types ... Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 22 minutes each to answer and are worth 10 points each. Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3–5 are worth 4 points each and questions 6–8 are worth 3 points each. Read each question carefully and completely.Free Response. Assessments. Overview. Unit 1 | Chemistry of Life. Long Free Response. 1 question. On Fertile Ground. 1.B, 2.A, 6.E.b, 9 more... Unit 2 | Cell Structure and …Hey All, here are my best explanations to the 6 FRQs on the May 14th, 2021 (Administration #1) of the 2021 AP Biology FRQ to help my students prepare for the...AP® Biology 2022 Scoring Guidelines . Question 1: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Experimental Design 9 points . The binding of an extracellular ligand to a G protein-coupled receptor in the plasma membrane of a cell triggers intracellular signaling (Figure 1, A). After ligand binding, GTP replaces the GDP that is bound toAP ® Microeconomics 2021 Free-Response Questions . MICROECONOMICS . SECTION II Total Time—1 hour Reading Period—10 minutes . Writing Period—50 minutes . 3 Questions . Directions: You are advised to spend the first 10 minutes reading all of the questions and planning your answers. You will then have 50 minutes to answer all three of the ... Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3–5 are worth 4 points each and questions 6–8 are worth 3 points each. Read each question carefully and completely. You are advised to spend the 10-minute reading period planning your answers. You may begin writing your responses before ... For the correct answer: 1 point. Electron flow should be indicated only in a counter-clockwise direction in the external circuit, from the Cl2 anode to the Mg cathode. (b) For the correct answer and calculated value: No, because 2.0 V is less than 3.73 V, which is the minimum voltage needed for electrolysis to occur.For Section II, the AP Biology free-response section, you’ll have 80 minutes (after the reading period) to answer six questions. You will likely spend more time on each of the two long free-response questions than on each of the four short-response questions. A fair balance is 22 minutes per long free-response question and 9 minutes … Sample: 5A. Score: 4. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for describing that space becomes limiting, and that causes the population to stabilize. The response earned 1 point in part (b) because it explains that plot B is more resilient because it has greater “biodiversity” than plot A. AP® Macroeconomics Scoring Guidelines Set 1 Author: College Board Subject: Advanced Placement; AP; Keywords: 2021 ; AP Exam Administration ; Scoring Guidelines; scoring information; free-response scoring criteria; scoring resources; FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; ADA Created Date: 12/22/2022 2:51:49 PMWrite your responses to this question only on the designated pages in the separate Free Response. booklet. Write your solution to each part in the space provided for that part. A particle, P, is moving along the x-axis. The velocity of particle P at time t is given by v t P () = sin t1.5. for 0 £ t £ p .Question. NAD+has an important role as an electron carrier in glycolysis. (a) Identify the process of aerobic cellular respiration during which a cell replenishes its supply of NAD+. (b) Identify the process of anaerobic respiration during which a cell replenishes its supply of NAD+. (c) If a cell’s supply of NAD+ran out, predict the effect that would have on …May 11, 2017 ... This video does not show the actual exam in order to avoid copyright infringement claims from college board. I will upload a version of ....

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